COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS AND
C PROGRAMMING

Course Contents

Unit I

Introduction to Programming: Introduction to Computer Software, Classification of Computer Software-System Software, Application Software, Programming Languages, Generation of Programming Languages, Introduction to C-Introduction, Background, Characteristics of C, Uses of C.

Overview of C: Basic Structure of C Programs. Constants, Variables, and Data types: Character Set, C-Tokens, Keywords and Identifies, Constants, Variables, Data Types, Defining Symbolic Constants. Managing Input and Output Operations: Reading a Character, writing a Character, Formatted Input Formatted Output.

Unit II

Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Assignment Operators, Increment and Decrement Operators, Conditional Operators, Special Operators, Arithmetic Expressions, Evaluation of Expressions, Precedence of Arithmetic Operators, Type Conversions in Expressions, Operator Precedence and Associativity.

Decision Making and Branching: Simple IF statement, If-Else Statement, Nesting of If-Else, Else-If Ladder, Switch Statement. Decision Making and Looping: Introduction, While Statement, DO statement, FOR statement, Jumps in Loops: Jumping Out of a Loop, Skipping a Part of a loop.

Unit III

Arrays: Introduction, Declaration of Arrays, storing values in Arrays-Initializing arrays during declaration, Inputting values from the keyboard, Assigning values to individual elements, Operation on Arrays-, Two-dimensional Arrays-Declaring Two-dimensional Arrays, Initializing Two-dimensional Arrays, Accessing the elements of Two-dimensional Arrays, Operations on Two-dimensional arrays.

Character Arrays and Strings: Introduction, Declaring and Initializing String Variables, Reading Strings from Terminal, Writing Strings to Screen, Arithmetic Operations on Characters, String Handling Functions-Other String Functions.

Unit IV

User-Defined Functions: Introduction, Need for User-Defined Functions, Elements of User-Defined Functions, Definition of Functions, Return Values and Their Types, Function Calls, Function declaration, Categories of Functions-No Arguments and no Return Values, Arguments but no return Values, Arguments with return values, No Arguments but returns a Value, Recursion, The scope, visibility and lifetime of variables.

Structures: Defining a Structure, Declaring Structure Variables, Accessing Structure Members, Structure Initialization, Copying and Comparing Structure variables, Arrays of Structures, Arrays within Structure

Unit V

Pointers: Introduction, Understanding Pointers, Accessing the Address of a Variable, Declaring Pointer Variables, Initialization of Pointer Variables, Accessing a variable through its pointer, Pointer Expressions, Pointer Increments and Scale factor, Pointers and Arrays, Pointers as Function Arguments.

Files: Introduction to Files-Types of Files, Using Files in C-Declaring a File Pointer Variable, Opening a File, Closing a File using fclose(), Read Data From Files- fread(), Writing Data to Files- fwrite()

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